Railway freight "deep change" to become a competitive advantage

Railway "cargo reform" is aimed at the long-term reform of the railway management system, regardless of the government, is the key step of the railway tariff reform. Industry insiders said that the current reform has achieved positive effects. In the face of "cargo deep water area", the future should be from the efficiency, management optimization, mechanism reform and other aspects of the railway freight network to play the advantages of rail logistics to better adapt to modern large-scale production.

Railway "cargo reform" release policy dividend

Some industry people recently in the "Economic Information Daily" reporter interview that the railway "cargo reform" four years the most positive effect is to change the value of transport and transport market before the price signal to reflect the long-term distortion, resulting in a huge investment is difficult to recover Cost, affecting the development of railway sustainability.

Thanks to the "cargo reform" and the separation of railway government and enterprises, the establishment of China Railway Corporation and other factors, China's railway system reform began to accelerate, railway freight reform has also been advancing forward. The industry generally agreed that from the railway freight market reform effect, the reform to break the original railway freight unified pricing, unified charging model, given the railway transport enterprises independent pricing power, and through flexible tariff policy, not only reduces the society Logistics costs, but also improve the competitiveness of the railway in the logistics market, effectively curb the decline in the momentum of railway freight.

"Cargo reform" on the benefits of rail transport enterprises, have a direct stimulating effect. There are railway sector sources said that some railway companies have been due to tariff increases, a year to increase operating income of several hundred million dollars. Railway market price fluctuations, to a certain extent, due to a variety of materials, labor costs swallowed the cost of transport enterprises, is conducive to enhancing the ability of enterprises to pay the debt for the future reform and laid the foundation.

Driven by reform measures, China's railway logistics enterprises in the management and service has been greatly improved, which is brought about by the reform of another positive effect: many companies to improve the way to accept freight, cancel the intermediate links; railway business began to cover large quantities of goods The business model is more and more diversified, telephone, fax, the Internet can handle the railway delivery business; some road and even build an upgraded version of the " Door to door "transport, to provide customers with a full set of logistics solutions, not only access to more transit warehouse transport orders, but also into the transit warehouse car distribution and other new areas.

Through the "cargo reform", the railway to seize the "one way along the" opportunity, from the domestic market to serve both domestic and international market changes. At present, the domestic 29 cities in the trip to China and Europe, the farthest transport mileage of more than 10,000 km. In addition, to catch the "Internet +" Express, rail freight from a single line into the line under the full coverage. In the Chinese railway 95306 network commodity service platform, the earliest to create a group of online transactions in a group of business hours to reach more than 500 million tons, close to half of the total business volume. Many road agencies also involved in the electricity business, express and other business areas.

Category full coverage, service the whole process, operating all-round, the whole process of management, "cargo reform" to the railway in the market tide burst out of vitality.

Flexible pricing has benefited the owner

Hunan, a logistics business official said that the current railway freight market in the South are mostly in the oversupply situation, not only in the past "shortage of economy" era of "point charge" and other charges more and more rare charges, rail freight supply in order to improve competition Force, but also provide some preferential measures, which makes the freight side of the demand side to benefit a lot. In particular, this year, the railway company and some railway bureaus to adjust the price of rail freight, the implementation of "there is a rise and fall" strategy in order to better adapt to the transport market development.

On the one hand, the metal ore, coal transport price policy has been tightened and adjusted. January 1 this year, the railway company to restore the previously announced metal ore transport benchmark tariffs, the original no tariff concessions for the owners, the tariff has risen; the original tariff concessions for the port, Compresses a certain margin of preference. While the abolition of all the coal tariff preferential policies, from March 28 to restore the previously announced benchmark price. On the other hand, for some key enterprises, especially the transport of steel to implement the overall price strategy, reduce its logistics costs.

For example, Shaoguan Iron and Steel Plant is a pillar-type large-scale enterprises in northern Guangdong. Guangzhou Railway Group to use the existing tariff authority, the company where the Ma Dam station to Whampoa, Lower yuan, Gaolan port of export steel and East China's special stick, billet to give 50% discount; to Yang Xing, He Jia Wan , Jiashan steel down 30%, while taking a combination of dust-free, non-insured and other preferential measures to achieve unit price reached 181 yuan / ton, and public transport even flat or even slightly lower.

"A railway industry sources said that by enriching the railway logistics service content, China Railway through the opening of the freight package," point to point "fast cargo train, Express cargo trains and special trains, an effective solution to the railway transport time "do not fly" problem.

Beijing Railway Institute of Logistics Associate Professor Jiang Xu said that the railway freight reform is a key step in the railway reform, "a price", "door to door" and other measures to meet the needs of the current market, but also in line with the current economic structure The In the past production economy structure, the railway capacity of the planning is very strong, and now the railway transport into the market, fully integrated into the current consumer economy structure, not only improve the operational efficiency of rail transport, but also for the railway transport Development has brought new vitality.

Railway freight "deep change" to become a competitive advantage

Jiang Xu said, in addition to "a price", "door to door", the railway is also trying to use high-speed rail, motor car for cargo transport, which is another way to enhance the railway reform capacity. Express industry, for example, high-speed rail and motor vehicles in the 300 km to 500 km economic radius of the express delivery, will not affect the passenger, but also to enhance the speed of delivery. And in China after the completion of the formation of high-speed rail network, the full use of this model, but also to further reduce the cost of express delivery. At the same time, with the high-speed rail and motor vehicle network nationwide, will further release the freight capacity of China's railway.

"Deep change" can become a competitive advantage

According to the latest data, the total amount of cargo in the first half of 2016 was 19.747 billion tons, an increase of 3.1% over the same period of last year, while the railway freight volume was 1.57 billion tons, down 7.6% year on year. The total turnover of the whole society reached 8.34 trillion tons, Down 2.99%, rail freight turnover was 1.12 trillion tons km, down 7.5%.

Industry figures on the "Economic Information Daily" reporter said that the above data reflects the railway freight market facing a competitive market environment - from the operating mileage point of view, as of the end of 2015, the national railway, highway, inland waterway operating mileage are more than 12 Million kilometers. However, the construction of railways in the construction of high-speed rail did not drive the development of freight logistics. From the transport point of view, from Guangzhou Port to Dalian Port, the Clippers need 7 days, ordinary ships need 9 to 10 days, the road takes 3 days, the railway needs 16 days. The number of cargo turnover, cargo transport efficiency is low, is one of the reasons for the loss of supply of rail freight.

Beijing Jiaotong University School of Transportation Vice President Zhang Xiaodong pointed out that China's industrial structure of the profound adjustment of the impact of bulk cargo transport needs. At present, due to environmental requirements, China's energy structure changes, coal consumption dropped; In addition, the construction of pithead power station for the transmission of coal, rail transport coal ratio decreased, which are on the railway freight market constitutes a negative impact.

Experts believe that the railway the most capable and conditions to change the current "big production" docking "small logistics", the overall efficiency of the situation is low. Specific reform steps can be started from the following levels:

First of all, the need for in-depth positioning of the market to do live transport articles. The core advantage of railway freight is the railway operation network, the huge assets and the history of the credibility of the all-weather operation of the security and security is relatively weak hardware and software behind the information is not connected with the community, the transport time is random and no protection, grass-roots enterprise service awareness Serious enough. How to avoid weaknesses and all directions to the modern logistics enterprises into a key.

This requires railways to improve the speed, to ensure punctuality, to tap the potential to improve, to facilitate customers, improve facilities and other aspects of "effort": and most "door to door" no facelift compared to road logistics, railway timeliness also Which is the most important factor in the supply chain logistics is the uncertainty brought about by the timing of the railway freight must face the challenge; the current cargo reform in the "weight by price" approach in the operating income is not an advantage; Freight needs to invest heavily in hardware, software and management systems.

Second, the use of technical means to improve efficiency. China Logistics and Purchasing Federation survey data show that in the circulation of goods in China, due to unnecessary removal of the circulation costs incurred by Maneuvers accounted for about 25% of the total cost of circulation, mainly in the sea, iron, , Dumping transport progress is slow and so on. European countries, the international mature port, sea, iron, public transport accounted for about 30% of the total transport of goods, while the proportion of China's less than 5%.

Zhang Xiaodong that, in response to the above problems, to promote the railway logistics and upstream and downstream between the intelligent, standardized docking. That is, with intelligent management to achieve logistics "order" match, reduce inventory costs; with standardized means to reduce the unnecessary removal of maneuvers, reduce loading and unloading costs.

Third, the promotion of multimodal transport, build a new system of traffic integration. Many people in circulation industry, said the development of public, iron, sea multimodal transport, logistics industry is to enhance the efficiency and efficiency of the breakthrough. Should rely on integrated transport channel, to speed up the warehouse receipts, trays and other hardware and software facilities standardization, to achieve transport management information sharing, promote container cargo multimodal transport, open up the hub of the "last mile."

More importantly, there is a need to further improve policy coordination in the circulation sector. Shijiazhuang Railway University Railway transport expert Zhang Junyong said that the railway "cargo reform" both because of its potential can be tapped, on the other hand is also the road and other modes of transport competition brought "Daobi". In general, the railway tariffs have to promote the market with the railway market, in the increase in transparency and the right to know the public, the establishment of tariff classification management system.

Experts pointed out that many countries the success of railway reform experience is that in the case of permission to release the tariffs, so that the market mechanism to fully play a role. Excessive control of tariffs can not only reflect the market demand, but also not conducive to the cost, income accounting. With the rise of the national road network, freight into a similar full competition in the market. Therefore, the future of railway reform should be conditional to release tariffs, the establishment of a competitive tariff system.